Commune: Krasiczyn (pow. przemyski, woj. podkarpackie)
Framework element or context represented:
Biostratygraphy of limestone klippen in flysh deposits.
Primary geological/geomorphological interest:
Very great exotics of Štramberk limestones in the flysch sediments.
Comparative assessment justification:
Ones of the exceptional locality of exotic limestones in flysh deposits. It is the site of historical investigation since XIX c. Klippen of similar age and genetic are present in the vicinity of Bachowice and Andrychów.
Protection status and accessibility:
Limestone klippen are protected (1995) as the documentary site (but the first protection dated at 1928); the strong succession of vegetations develop in old quarries.
Character of site: Abandoned quarries.
Area: 0.5 ha
Altitude: 360 m a.s.l.
Lithology: conglomerates, breccias, limestones
Discipline: Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, Stratigraphy of Phanerozoic, History of geology
Process Age: *all periods
Bedrock Age: Cretaceous, *all periods
Description of primary interest:
Geological and palaentological descriptions of the “Klippen” in Kruhel Wielki have been published since 1876. The best outcrops of the “Klippen” are situated on the Wapielnica hill as two overgrown quarries. One of them, in the form of a narrow excavation with the size 60x15 m and the height of its walls 3-6 m, runs in the S-N direction. The other, in the distance about 70 m to S, is a circular excavation with a diameter of about 30 m and a depth of 8 m. In both quarries there are visible small outcrops (maximum size 8x3 m) of white limestones of the Štramberk type. Basing on abundant macrofauna, mainly of molluscs, snails, cephalopods, brachiopods and Calpionellidae, the age of the Kruhel Klippen and of the most of the Štramberk type exotics with similar lithology was determined as Late Tithonian, although some of them date back to Early Berriasian. The exotic detrital material of the Kruhel Klippen occurs within an olistostrome, and the sizes of the biggest blocks exceed a volume of 1,000 m3. Similar small fragments can be seen within conglomerates with marly or calcareous cement. Microfauna in this fine-grained cement indicates Maastrichtian, but according to some other determinations these sediments are of the Palaeocene age and belong to the Ropianka Formation strata; they dip here to NW.
Literature:
BUKOWY S. & GEROCH S. 1957–On the age of exotic conglomerats at Kruhel Wielki near Przemyśl (Carpathians). (English sum.). Rocz. Pol. Tow. Geol., 26/4: 297-328. GEROCH S., GUCIK S. & KOTLARCZYK J.1988–Pozycja “skałek” jurajskich Kruhela Wielkiego w profilu formacji z Ropianki /fm/.(Polish only). In: Kotlarczyk J. & Pękala K. (reds) Przewodnik 59 Zjazdu Pol. Tow. Geol. w Przemyślu: 266-272. GEROCH S. & MORYCOWA E. 1966–Contribution à la connaisance des fciès et fossiles des calcaires titthonique à Kruchel Wielki près Przemyśl, Carpathes de Flysch, Pologne. (French sum.). Rocz. Pol. Tow. Geol., 36: 295-302. GONERA M., ALEXANDROWICZ Z. & URBAN J. 2000–Protected areas and objects. In: Alexandrowicz Z. & Poprawa D. (reds) Geodiversity conservation of the Polish Carpathians. (English sum.): 98-111. MORYCOWA E. 1964–Polypier de la klippe de Kruhel Wielki près Przemyśl (Tithonique superier, Carpates polonaises). (French sum.). Rocz. Pol. Tow. Geol., 34/489-508. NIEDŹWIEDZKI J. 1876–Spostrzeżenia geologiczne w okolicy Przemyśla. (Polish only). Kosmos,1: 263-268. RABOWSKI F. 1928–La klippe de Kruhel Wielki, près de Przemyśl. Skałka Kruhela Wielkiego pod Przemyślem.(Polish only). Zabyt. Przyr. Nieożyw., 1: 53-58. WÓJCIK 1907–Exotika fliszowe Kruhela Wielkiego koło Przemyśla. (Polish only). Spraw. Kom. Fiz. AU w Krakowie. 42: 3-24. WÓJCIK 1913/14–Jura Kruhela Wielkiego pod Przemyślem. (Polish only). Cz I i II. Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. AU, 53: 409-490, 543-619, Cz. III, IV54: 13-69, 141-142. ZUBER R. 1909–Klippe tithonique á Kruchel Wielki près de Przemyśl. (English sum.). Kosmos, 34: 849-852.