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Margaritifera margaritifera (Linneaus, 1758) | ||
| Familia | Margaritiferidae | |
| Ordo | Unionoida | |
| Classis | Bivalvia | |
| Typus | Mollusca | |
| Summary | It has become extinct in Poland. Until the 17th century, the pearl mussel occurred fairly abundantly in Lower Silesia. In the early 1900s it had been quite common. Since the 1930s the occurrence of M. margaritifera in Poland has not been confirmed. The reasons for its decline involved a combination of several factors: river regulation, woodland clearance, water pollution and particularly, changes in physical and chemical properties of water. The introduction of Oncorhynchus mykiss, which limited the number of native fishes being the hosts of M. margaritifera glochidia, and predation by Ondatra zibethica probably contributed to this decline. During the several decades the species was under strict legal protection; in 1984 it was excluded from the list of species protected by law and included again in 1995. | |
| Literature | Araujo R., Ramos M.A. 2000. Action Plan for Margaritifera margaritifera. Council of Europe. T-PVS (2000) 10. Strasbourg, 38 pp.  Bauer G. 1986. The status of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera L. in the south of its European range. Biol. Conserv. 38: 1-9. Bauer G. 1992. Variation in the life span and size of the freshwater pearl mussel. J. Anim. Ecol. 61: 425-436. Bernatt S. 1965. Skójki per³orodne dojecha³y. Per³y ju¿ rosn±. Nowiny Jeleniogórskie. Magazyn Ilustrowany Ziemi Jeleniogórskiej 8, 29: 382. Bouchet P., Falkner G., Seddon M.B. 1999. Lists of protected land and freshwater molluscs in the Bern Convention and European Habitats Directive: are they relevant to conservation? Biol. Conserv. 90, 1: 21-31. Buddensiek V. 1995. The culture of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera L. in cages - a contribution to conservation programs and the knowledge of habitat requirements. Biol. Conserv. 74: 33-40. Dutkiewicz J. 1958. Skójka per³orodna - gatunek wymieraj±cy. Chroñmy przyr. ojcz. 14, 4: 19-28. Dutkiewicz J. 1960. Wyniki badañ nad rozmieszczeniem per³oródki rzecznej (Margaritifera margaritifera L.) na Dolnym ¦l±sku. Acta zool. cracov. 5, 9: 336-347. Dyk V. 1957. Flussperlmuscheln im Aquarium. Aquarien und Terrarien 4: 334-335. Dyk V. 1958. Zvy¹ene hynuti star¹ich perlorodek. Ochrona Prirody 13, 1: 5-6. Hilton-Taylor C. (compiler) 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: XVIII + 61pp. Jungbluth J.H. 1975. Die Molluskenfauna des Vogelsberges unter besonderer Berücksichtigung biogeographischer Aspekte. Biogeographica 5: 1-138. Jungbluth J.H. 1992. The life cycle of the mother of pearls Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) in running waters of Central Europe (Bivalvia, Paleoheterodonta, Margaritiferidae). Proc. Ninth. Int. Malac. Congress: 187-193. Ka¼mierczak T. 1966. Próba restytucji per³oródki rzecznej w Karkonoszach. Chroñmy przyr. ojcz. 22, 1: 51-52. Krasowska E. 1978. Skójka per³orodna Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca, Bivalvia) - gatunek chroniony. Przegl. zool. 22, 1: 48-54. Pax F. 1932. Perlenbäche und Perlenfischerei in den Sudeten. Schles. Mon. Ig. 9, 11: 388-392. Samek A. 1976. ¦wiat muszli. Wydawnictwo Morskie, Gdañsk, 223 ss. Smith D.G. 1976a. Notes of the Biology of Margaritifera margaritifera (Linné) in Central Massachusetts. The American Midland Naturalist 96 (1): 252-256. Smith D.G. 1976b. The distribution of the Margaritiferidae: a review and rew synthesis. American Malacological Union Inc. Bull.: 42 (abstr.). Steæ T. 1956. O sudeckich per³ach. Wierchy 25: 251-253. Tomaszewski W. 1932. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tierwelt Schlesischer Bergbäche. Abh. d. Naturforsch. Ges. Görlitz, 31: 1-80. Vodák L. 1968. Sou¶asný stav otavské perlorodku. Ochranáøský Pruzkum, Pøiloha Èasopisu Ochrana Pøirody 8: 38-39. Young M.R., Williams J.E. 1984a. The reproductive biology of freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linn.) in Scotland. I. Field Studies. Arch. Hydrobiol. 99: 405-422. Young M.R., Williams J.E. 1984b. The reproductive biology of freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linn.) in Scotland. II. Laboratory Studies. Arch. Hydrobiol. 100: 29-43. Ziuganov V.V., Zotin A.A., Nezlin L.P., Tretiakov V.A. 1994. The freshwater pearl mussels and their relationships with salmonid fish. VNIRO Publishing House, (Moscow) 104 pp. | |
| Author | Anna Dyduch-Falniowska & Katarzyna Zaj±c. | |
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