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Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) | ||
| Familia | Astacidae | |
| Ordo | Decapoda | |
| Classis | Malacostraca | |
| Typus | Arthropoda | |
| Summary | Until the end of the 19th century Astacus astacus was a common and very numerous species in Poland. Its population was exploited for economic purposes. Since then the species has been clearly declining due to degradation of its habitat, spread of a fatal disease, crayfish plague, brought from North America and elimination of A. astacus by Orconectes limosus also originating from North America. Today it occurs only in some regions, mostly at isolated localities and in small numbers. Its survival depends on conservation of natural localities, attempts at its cultivation and restitution. There is also a need for action aimed at the elimination of foreign crayfish species and mitigation of the effect of predation, particularly by the introduced Mustela vison. Partial protection of the species, supplemented with active conservation measures, should be maintained. | |
| Literature | Bajer F. 1930. O racjonalizację eksportu raków z Polski. Przegl. ryb. 3, 20: 668-676.  Füreder L., Machino Y. 1999. Past and present crayfish situation in Tyrol (Austria and Northern Italy). Freshwater Crayfish 12: 751-764. Gherardi F., Śmietana P., Laurent P. 2002. Interaction between non-indigenous and indigenous species. Bull. Fr. Peche Piscic. 367: 899-909. Iwaszkiewicz E. 1930. Handel zagraniczny rybami w latach 1923-1929. Przegl. ryb. 3, 13: 506-513. Jażdżewski K., Konopacka A. 1995. Pancerzowce prócz równonogów lądowych. Malacostrata prócz Oniscoidea. Katalog fauny Polski. XIII. PWN, Warszawa, 1: 1-165. Kossakowski J. 1964. Wahania połowów raków w Polsce i próba wyjaśnienia przyczyn. Gospod. ryb. 16, 4: 20-23. Krause R. 2003. Program czynnej ochrony raka szlachetnego Astacus astacus L. na terenie Zespołu Parków Krajobrazowych Województwa Śląskiego. W: Wybrane gatunki zagrożonych zwierząt na terenie parków krajobrazowych w Beskidach i sposoby ich ochrony. Materiały pokonferencyjne: Górska Szkoła Szybowcowa Żar, Mędzybrodzie Żywieckie, 08.11.2002. Zespół Parków Krajobrazowych Województwa Śląskiego, Influence, Będzin: 39-41. Krzywosz T., Krzywosz W. 2001. Preliminary observations of an american crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) population at a new site in the Mazurian Lake District. Arch. Pol. Fish. 9, 2: 273-278. Krzywosz T., Krzywosz W. 2002. Obserwations of the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) in a lake in the eastern Suwałki District. Arch. Pol. Fish. 10, 2: 255-267. Leńkowa A. 1962. Badania nad przyczynami zaniku, sposobami ochrony i restytucją raka szlachetnego Astacus astacus (L.) w związku z rozprzestrzenianiem się raka amerykańskiego Cambarus affinis Say. Ochr. Przyr. 28: 1-38. Mackiewicz J. 1929. Zaraza raków na Suwalszczyźnie. Przegl. ryb. R 2. 5: 306-308. Schulz R., Śmietana P. 2001. Occurrence of native and introduced crayfish in Northeastern Germany and Northwestern Poland. Bull. Fr. P?che Piscic. 361: 629-641. Seligo A. 1902. Die Fishgewaser der Prowintz Westpreussen. Commision Verlag von L. Saunier's Buch und Kunsthandlung in Danzing. Strużyński W., Śmietana P. 1999. On the distribution of Crayfish in Poland. Freshwater Crayfish. 12: 825-829. Śmietana P., Krzywosz T., Strużyński P. 2004. Review of the national restocking programme Active protection of native crayfish in Poland 1999-2001. Bull. Fr. Peche Piscic. (w druku). Westman K. 1991. The crayfish fishery in Finland - its past, present and future. Finnish Fisheries Research 12: 187-216. | |
| Author | Tadeusz Krzywosz & Przemysław Śmietana | |
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